By James Krieger, M.S., M.S.
If you have breast cancer and you’re going through treatment, or if you’re a breast cancer survivor, exercise might be one of the last things on your mind. However, research shows that it can be one of the most important things you can do for yourself during this difficult time.
Numerous studies have shown exercise to benefit both breast cancer patients going through treatment, as well as survivors. Studies show improved quality of life, reduced fatigue, improved self-esteem, improved mood, improved immune function, and improved body composition. Some research indicates better chance of survival; one study showed that breast cancer survivors who walked 3-5 hours per week had a significantly reduced risk of death in the following years.
Studies show that a combination of weight training and aerobic exercise is best. Most studies have involved cardiovascular exercise 3-5 days per week for 20-60 minutes, and resistance exercise 1-3 days per week doing 1-4 sets per muscle group. The level that is most appropriate for you will depend upon your fitness and the stage of your breast cancer; you will want to discuss these with a physician.
One common side effect of breast cancer chemotherapy is weight gain. The gain can be anywhere from 3 to 20 pounds, and tends to be greatest in younger women and women on multi-drug regimens. Only 10% of these women will return to their pretreatment weight. This weight gain is a combination of fat gain, water retention, and loss of muscle due to the toxic effects of the drugs.
While this weight gain is common, it is not unavoidable. Many studies are now showing that a combination of aerobic exercise and resistance training can limit the weight gain that happens during chemotherapy. It also helps preserve muscle tissue. You might be wondering whether physical activity during chemotherapy is safe, and almost all studies say that it is. As mentioned, research shows that women who do aerobic exercise and strength training during chemotherapy have improved quality of life and physical function, and less fatigue.
If you are concerned about exercise aggravating lymphedema, most studies show that exercise does not exacerbate lymphedema in breast cancer patients.
If you are undergoing chemotherapy, or you are a breast cancer survivor, and are considering an exercise regimen, speak with your physician as to what is most appropriate for you.